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The declining effectiveness of antibiotics has become a national public-health crisis, leading doctors and scientists to call for much more careful use of antibiotics so that disease-causing organisms don’t become immune to them. But since approximately 80 percent of all antibiotics sold in the U.S. are used by the meat and poultry industry to make animals grow faster or to prevent disease in crowded and unsanitary conditions, both supermarkets and consumers can have a major impact on this problem through their purchasing decisions.
Eliminating the routine use of antibiotics in livestock reduces human health risks without significantly harming animal health or farmers' incomes, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) report released last week. The report adds to a growing momentum to end the use of antibiotics to promote growth in farm animals.
European officials have already moved to end the use of growth-promoting antibiotics. By 1999, the E.U. had banned five drugs that are identical or closely related to human medicines.
No such ban is on the table in the United States, where the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rules on antibiotics on a case-by-case, use-by-use basis, says Stephen Sundlof, director of the agency's Center for Veterinary Medicine.
It's no secret that livestock fed antibiotics breed drug-resistant bacteria that can cause dangerous infections in people. But a new study suggests that the process is reversible. Banning a drug called avoparcin from animal feed dramatically reduced the chances that potentially dangerous gut microbes in hospital patients would be resistant to an important, related drug, Belgian researchers reported last month at a meeting* sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology.
The results are the first to show that cutting antibiotic use on the farm leads to reduced resistance in hospital patients—those who need antibiotics the most, says microbiologist Stuart Levy of Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston. “This says there's a strong connection between what's done in animals and what you see in people,” he says.
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