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The first Klan was founded in 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee by veterans of the Confederate Army. These contributed to segregationist white Democrats regaining political power in all the Southern states by 1877
The second KKK preached Americanism and purification of politics, with a heavy tome of racism, anti-Catholicism, anti-Communism, nativism, and antisemitism. Some local groups took part in attacks on private houses, and carried out other violent activities.
The modern KKK is not one organization; rather it is composed of small independent chapters across the US.[119] The formation of independent chapters has made KKK groups more difficult to infiltrate, and researchers find it hard to estimate their numbers. Estimates are that about two-thirds of KKK members are concentrated in the Southern United States, with another third situated primarily in the lower Midwest.[120][121][122] KKK members have stepped up recruitment in recent years, but the organization grows slowly, with membership estimated at 5,000–8,000 across 179 chapters. These recent membership campaigns have been based on issues such as people's anxieties about illegal immigration, urban crime and same-sex marriage.[123] Many KKK groups have formed strong alliances with other white supremacist groups, such as neo-Nazis. Some KKK groups have become increasingly "Nazified", adopting the look and emblems of white power skinheads.[124]
Current Klan splinter divisions have grown substantially since the 2008 election of U.S. President Barack Obama, the first African-American to hold the office;[128][129] the Klan has expanded its recruitment efforts to white supremacists at the international level.[130] Current membership estimates by the ADL hold at a national estimate of five thousand.[122]
Ex-Grand Wizard David Duke has claimed that thousands of Tea Party movement activists have urged him to run for president in 2012 [131] and he is seriously considering entering the Republican Party primaries.[132] Duke has also released a video detailing his platform.[133] In the video pledges that as president he would stop all immigration to the US, including legal immigration, and says that he "will not let Israel or any nation dictate our foreign policy."[134] He has also claimed that he would be "willing to risk life and limb, endure the barbs of the media” to mount “the most honest campaign for president since the time of our Founding Fathers.” [135]
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